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Dracunculiasis

Dracunculiasis is a waterborne parasitic infection caused by Dracunculus medinensis, characterized by delayed cutaneous worm emergence and associated local inflammation. Management is non-pharmacologic, and the disease is now rare due to global eradication efforts, with no active interventional trials

Prevalence

Uknown

N/A

US Estimated

N/A

Europe Estimated

Age of Onset

All ages

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ICD-10

B72

Inheritance Pattern

Autosomal dominant

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Autosomal recessive

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Mitochondrial/Multigenic

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X-linked dominant

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X-linked recessive

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5 Facts you should know

FACT

1

Dracunculiasis, also called Guinea-worm disease (GWD), is a parasitic infection by the Guinea worm

FACT

2

Initially there are no symptoms - about one year later, the female worm forms a painful blister in the skin, usually on a lower limb

FACT

3

The name dracunculiasis is derived from the Latin meaning "affliction with little dragons"

FACT

4

Other Dracunculus species are known to infect various mammals, but do not appear to infect humans

FACT

5

Dogs may also become infected

Dracunculiasis is also known as...

Dracunculiasis is also known as:

  • Guinea worm disease

  • GWD

What’s your Rare IQ?

Dracunculiasis, commonly known as Guinea worm disease, is a parasitic infection caused by the nematode Dracunculus medinensis. How is Dracunculiasis primarily transmitted to humans?

 

Common signs & symptoms

Prodromal

Fever, nausea, vomiting, pruritus before worm emergence

Characteristic lesion

Painful blister, usually on lower limb

Worm emergence weeks later

Complications

Secondary bacterial infection

Cellulitis, sepsis

Joint contractures and disability

Current treatments

No antiparasitic drug available

Mechanical extraction

Slow manual winding of worm over days–weeks

Supportive care

Wound hygiene, antibiotics for secondary infection

Pain control

Public health

Water filtration, larvicides, containment programs

Disease near eradication globally